Water softener
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A water softener system is a device that is used to remove excess minerals from hard water, specifically calcium and magnesium ions. These minerals can cause a variety of problems, such as leaving spots on dishes and plumbing fixtures and reducing the effectiveness of soap. A water softener system works by using a process called ion exchange, which involves replacing the hard minerals in the water with softer minerals, such as sodium ions. The water is then said to be “softened.” Water softener systems can be installed at the point of entry to a home or building, or they can be installed at the point of use, such as under a kitchen sink.
Water softeners are commonly used in areas where the water supply has a high level of hardness, which is measured in grains per gallon (GPG). Water with a hardness level of 1 to 3.5 GPG is considered to be soft, while water with a level of 3.5 to 7 GPG is considered to be moderate. Water with a level of 7 GPG or higher is considered to be hard.
In a water softener system, hard water is passed through a bed of resin beads, which are coated with sodium ions. As the hard water passes through the beads, the calcium and magnesium ions in the water are attracted to the sodium ions and swap places with them. The sodium ions take the place of the calcium and magnesium ions in the water, while the calcium and magnesium ions stay on the resin beads.
After a certain amount of water has been treated, the resin beads become saturated with calcium and magnesium ions and need to be regenerated. During the regeneration process, a brine solution is used to flush the calcium and magnesium ions off the resin beads and replace them with sodium ions. The water softener system is then ready to treat more hard water.
Water softeners are generally effective at reducing the negative effects of hard water, such as soap scum and scale build-up. They can also make it easier to lather soap and shampoo, and can improve the taste and smell of drinking water.
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